Motion toward the midline of the body that decreases the angle between a limb and the sagittal plane

The study of the range of human physical dimensions, such as size (e.g., height), breadth (e.g., shoulder width) and distance between anatomical points (e.g., upper arm length).

This information is valuable in determining appropriate dimensions for optimum fit between people and the work environment.

Administrative controls involve altering work organisation. This type of control is usually less expensive than engineering controls but less dependable and possibly cause worker resentment. For example; by reducing overtime or slowing down the pace of work which can affect a workers bonus.

Engineering controls involve altering the physical items in the workplace, including actions such as modifying the workstation, obtaining different equipment, or changing tools.

Work practice controls involve training and encouraging a specific method of task performance to reduce worker exposure to the ergonomic risk

An example of work practice control is training workers in proper lifting techniques.

Ergonomics is derived from the Greek words ‘ergon’ (work) and ‘nomos’ (law), in the United States, the term ‘human factors’ is often used in its place. Ergonomics is used to design appliances, technical systems and tasks in such a way that they improve human safety, health, comfort and performance.

The position of the joints of the extremities and back when one stands at rest, or the direction of motion that tends to restore this position. The opposite of flexion.

Movement involving the bending of a joint whereby the angle between the bones is diminished. The opposite of extension (except at the shoulder).

The effect of an exertion on internal body tissues (e.g., compression on a spinal disc from lifting, tension within a muscle/tendon unit from a pinch grasp) or the physical characteristics associated with an object(s) external to the body (e.g., weight of a box, pressure required to activate a tool, pressure necessary to snap two pieces together).

Position of the body while performing work activities.